When it comes to the aesthetics and structural integrity of a swimming pool, pool plaster is one of the most vital elements. It forms the interior finish of the pool, giving it a smooth surface, a polished look, and providing a waterproof layer that protects the underlying structure. Whether you’re installing a new pool or renovating an older one, choosing the right plaster finish and maintaining it properly can dramatically impact the appearance, comfort, and longevity of your pool.
This article offers a comprehensive guide to pool plaster, exploring its function, types, benefits, common issues, maintenance tips, and the process involved in application and resurfacing. If you’re looking to upgrade or better understand your pool’s interior finish, this guide will help you make the most informed decisions.
What Is Pool Plaster?
Pool plaster is the final layer applied to the interior of concrete or gunite pools. It’s a specialized mixture, typically composed of white Portland cement, sand or marble dust, and water, that creates a smooth, watertight coating across the pool’s interior shell. This layer is usually about 1/2 inch thick and is critical to both the pool’s function and its visual appeal.
Besides giving the pool a polished and clean look, the plaster serves several key purposes:
- Sealing the pool shell to make it waterproof
- Providing a smooth, safe surface for swimmers
- Influencing the water color based on plaster color and finish
- Enhancing durability when properly maintained
Types of Pool Plaster Finishes
Pool plaster isn’t one-size-fits-all. Depending on your budget, design preference, and how much maintenance you’re willing to commit to, there are several plaster finish options available:
White Plaster
White plaster is the traditional and most economical option. It gives pools a bright blue appearance and a smooth surface. While it offers classic appeal, white plaster typically has a lifespan of 7 to 10 years and may stain or etch over time if water chemistry is not properly maintained.
Colored Plaster
To achieve more visual depth or match specific aesthetics, colored pigments can be added to standard plaster. Options like light blue, gray, or even black can enhance the natural look of the water and provide a more modern or luxurious appearance. However, colored plaster can be prone to mottling, which is a natural variation in color tone over time.
Quartz Plaster (Quartz Aggregate Finishes)
Quartz finishes combine white cement with crushed quartz crystals and colored pigments, resulting in a more durable and visually striking finish. The embedded quartz increases resistance to staining, etching, and fading. Quartz finishes often last 12 to 15 years and provide a slightly textured surface.
Pebble Plaster (Pebble Tec, Pebble Sheen)
Pebble finishes use natural pebbles mixed with cement to create a highly durable, textured surface. They’re available in a wide range of colors and textures and can last 15 to 25 years with minimal maintenance. Pebble plaster is one of the most luxurious and longest-lasting options but also comes at a higher cost.
Benefits of Pool Plaster
Choosing plaster as a pool finish offers several advantages that make it one of the most popular choices among homeowners and pool builders:
Aesthetically Pleasing
Plaster creates a clean, elegant look and comes in various shades to complement landscaping, pool features, and water color preferences.
Comfort and Safety
Its smooth surface is gentle on feet and hands, providing a comfortable swimming experience. Textured finishes (like quartz or pebble) offer added traction without being overly rough.
Waterproof Protection
Plaster acts as the barrier between the pool water and the underlying concrete shell, protecting against water leakage and structural damage.
Cost-Effective
White plaster remains the most budget-friendly finish for concrete and gunite pools, making it accessible to most pool owners.
Customizable Appearance
From color tints to aggregate blends, plaster can be tailored to create unique visual effects, from classic to natural or high-end luxury designs.
Common Pool Plaster Problems
Despite its benefits, pool plaster is not immune to damage or wear. Some common issues include:
Staining
Metals, leaves, and imbalanced water chemistry can lead to surface stains that range in color from brown and green to purple and black. These stains are often caused by copper, iron, or organic debris.
Etching
Low pH or calcium levels in pool water can cause plaster etching, which gives the surface a rough, uneven texture. It’s both unsightly and uncomfortable underfoot.
Cracking
Hairline cracks can appear due to improper application, ground movement, or age. While small cracks might be cosmetic, larger ones can compromise waterproofing.
Delamination
This occurs when the plaster separates from the pool shell, creating bubbles or flaking. Often caused by improper surface preparation or poor application during installation.
Discoloration and Mottling
All plaster types—especially colored plaster—may exhibit uneven color or mottling over time. This is a normal aesthetic variation but can sometimes be mistaken for stains or defects.
Pool Plaster Maintenance Tips
To keep plaster looking great and lasting as long as possible, pool owners should follow these maintenance practices:
- Test and balance water chemistry weekly: Maintain pH between 7.4–7.6 and calcium hardness between 200–400 ppm.
- Brush pool surfaces regularly to prevent algae and dirt buildup.
- Avoid harsh chemicals or acidic cleaners that can erode plaster.
- Shock your pool carefully and avoid introducing high concentrations of chlorine directly onto plaster.
- Use a pool cover when not in use to minimize debris and UV exposure.
- Schedule professional inspections annually to detect issues early.
With consistent care, even standard white plaster can maintain its appeal for a decade or more.
When to Resurface Pool Plaster
Resurfacing becomes necessary when plaster is worn down, heavily stained, or rough to the touch. Signs you need to resurface include:
- Rough or pitted texture
- Persistent stains that cannot be cleaned
- Delamination or flaking
- Widespread cracking
- Water discoloration due to plaster breakdown
The resurfacing process involves draining the pool, removing old plaster, prepping the surface, applying the new finish, and carefully balancing water chemistry during the curing period. This process typically takes 5–10 days, depending on the extent of work.
Cost of Pool Plastering
The cost of pool plaster varies based on the pool size, region, and type of plaster finish:
- White plaster: $4–$7 per square foot
- Colored plaster: $5–$8 per square foot
- Quartz finishes: $7–$10 per square foot
- Pebble finishes: $9–$15+ per square foot
A standard residential pool (about 400–500 square feet) might cost:
- White plaster: $3,000–$4,500
- Quartz: $4,000–$6,000
- Pebble: $6,000–$10,000+
Keep in mind, proper installation and water chemistry are essential to maximizing the life of your investment.
Choosing the Right Pool Plaster Contractor
Because plaster is such an important part of your pool’s structure and aesthetics, hiring the right contractor is critical. Here’s what to look for:
- Experience and licensing: Choose a licensed pool professional with a track record in plastering.
- Material options: Ensure they offer a variety of finishes and can explain the pros and cons of each.
- Warranties: Reputable contractors often provide warranties ranging from 5–10 years depending on the plaster type.
- Portfolio and references: Review past work and speak to clients to gauge satisfaction and results.
Conclusion
Pool plaster is the heart of a concrete pool’s finish. It defines the look, feel, and performance of your pool—impacting everything from comfort and safety to durability and beauty. With options ranging from traditional white to high-end pebble and quartz blends, today’s plaster finishes allow homeowners to customize their backyard retreats like never before.