Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common refractive error where distant objects appear blurry while close objects can be seen clearly. This condition occurs when the eye’s shape causes light entering the eye to focus incorrectly, usually in front of the retina. In Singapore, myopia is a growing concern, especially among children and young adults. Lenses are also used to myopia control The prevalence of myopia in Singapore has been rising significantly, with estimates suggesting that more than 80% of young adults may be affected. This increase is largely attributed to modern lifestyle factors, such as excessive screen time, lack of outdoor activities, and genetic predisposition. Myopia, if left untreated or unmanaged, can lead to more serious vision problems like retinal detachment, glaucoma, or cataracts later in life. Thus, early intervention through myopia control is crucial for preventing these severe outcomes.
The Importance of Myopia Control
Myopia control refers to various methods used to slow down the progression of myopia. Unlike traditional glasses or contact lenses, which correct the vision at the time of use, myopia control techniques aim to reduce the elongation of the eyeball, which is the underlying cause of myopia. If left unchecked, myopia can worsen over time, making the prescription stronger and increasing the risk of developing serious eye conditions. The primary goal of myopia control is to slow down or even halt the progression of myopia, reducing the risk of severe vision impairment in the future. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing the condition and improving long-term eye health.
Myopia Control Methods Available in Singapore
There are several myopia control methods available in Singapore, each with its advantages and suitability depending on the individual’s age, degree of myopia, and lifestyle. These methods are designed to address the root cause of myopia, the elongation of the eyeball, to prevent further worsening of the condition.
Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and Its Effectiveness
One of the most well-known and effective myopia control methods in Singapore is orthokeratology, commonly referred to as Ortho-K. This non-surgical procedure involves wearing specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses overnight. These lenses gently reshape the cornea while the person sleeps, temporarily correcting the vision during the day. The process does not only correct the refractive error but also helps in controlling the progression of myopia by reducing the elongation of the eyeball. Ortho-K is particularly popular among children and teenagers because it offers a non-invasive alternative to glasses and traditional contact lenses. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for daytime glasses or contact lenses, providing greater comfort and convenience for children and adults alike. The treatment is proven to slow down myopia progression by up to 50%, making it a highly effective option for myopia control.
Atropine Eye Drops: A Simple and Effective Solution
Atropine eye drops are another effective method for controlling myopia progression in children. This treatment involves the use of low-dose atropine drops, typically administered once daily before bedtime. Research has shown that atropine drops help slow the progression of myopia by reducing the eye’s ability to focus on near objects. While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, it is believed that atropine affects the growth of the eye, reducing the elongation of the eyeball. The treatment is generally safe, though some children may experience side effects such as light sensitivity or difficulty focusing on close objects. However, these side effects are typically temporary and can be managed with the use of sunglasses or reading glasses. Atropine eye drops are commonly used in combination with other methods, such as glasses or Ortho-K, for enhanced effectiveness.
Myopia Control Contact Lenses
In addition to Ortho-K, there are other types of contact lenses specifically designed for myopia control. These lenses, known as myopia control contact lenses, are soft lenses that feature a special design aimed at slowing down the progression of myopia. These lenses work by altering the way light is focused on the retina, which helps reduce the elongation of the eye. Myopia control contact lenses have been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia by around 30% to 40%. These lenses are suitable for children and teenagers, providing a comfortable and convenient solution for those who prefer contact lenses over glasses. They are worn during the day and offer clear vision while simultaneously controlling the progression of myopia.
Lifestyle Modifications for Myopia Control
Apart from medical and optical treatments, lifestyle modifications can also play a significant role in controlling myopia. Research has shown that outdoor activities and exposure to natural light can help slow down the progression of myopia in children. Spending at least two hours outdoors each day has been associated with a lower risk of developing myopia or having it worsen. The exact reasons for this are still being studied, but it is believed that exposure to natural light may help regulate the growth of the eye and reduce the risk of myopia progression. In addition, reducing the amount of close-up work, such as reading, smartphone use, and screen time, can also help prevent myopia from worsening. Encouraging children to take regular breaks and practice the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds) can reduce eye strain and help manage the condition.
Why Myopia Control is Crucial in Singapore
The rise of myopia in Singapore is a cause for concern, particularly given the country’s high-tech lifestyle and heavy reliance on digital devices. The combination of extensive screen time, limited outdoor activities, and genetic factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of myopia among the younger population. Without effective myopia control, the country may face a future where a large proportion of the population suffers from high myopia, which can lead to severe eye complications. The potential impact on public health and healthcare costs is significant, making myopia control an essential part of managing eye health in Singapore.
Early Intervention is Key
Early intervention is crucial in preventing myopia from worsening and avoiding the associated risks of high myopia. Starting myopia control treatments in childhood or early adolescence is particularly effective in slowing down progression.By incorporating these methods and adopting healthier lifestyle habits, Singapore can effectively manage the rise of myopia and reduce the risk of vision impairment in the future.
Since the eyes continue to grow during childhood, controlling myopia during this period can significantly reduce the risk of developing high myopia in adulthood. This can ultimately help prevent the onset of more severe eye conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment, which are common complications of high myopia.
Conclusion
Myopia is a growing concern in Singapore, with an increasing number of children and adults being affected by the condition. Myopia control methods, such as orthokeratology, atropine eye drops, myopia control contact lenses, and lifestyle modifications, offer effective solutions to slow down the progression of myopia and prevent severe vision problems in the future. Early intervention is key to managing myopia, and parents and individuals should be proactive in seeking myopia control treatments to ensure long-term eye health. By incorporating these methods and adopting healthier lifestyle habits, Singapore can effectively manage the rise of myopia and reduce the risk of vision impairment in the future.