Eravikulam National Park, located in the heart of Munnar, Kerala, is a stunning expanse of nature that showcases the unparalleled beauty of the Western Ghats. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its rich biodiversity and captivating landscapes, attracts nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and photographers from around the world. The park is not only a haven for wildlife but also a perfect destination for trekking, nature walks, and experiencing the serenity of Kerala’s hill station.
Introduction to Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is situated in the Idukki district of Kerala, covering an area of approximately 97 square kilometers. The park is renowned for its breathtaking scenery, comprising rolling hills, lush grasslands, dense forests, and spectacular views of the Western Ghats. The park’s altitude ranges from 1,100 meters to 2,695 meters above sea level, offering a cool, mist-covered environment throughout the year. This diverse ecosystem is home to numerous species of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to the region.
History and Importance of Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park was established in 1978, primarily to conserve the endangered Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius), a species of mountain goat found only in the Western Ghats. The park’s establishment was part of an effort to protect the region’s unique biodiversity, which is under constant threat due to habitat loss and poaching. Today, the park is a crucial part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which also includes other protected areas like Silent Valley National Park and Mukurthi National Park.
In addition to its role in wildlife conservation, Eravikulam National Park is also a popular destination for tourists due to its rich natural beauty. The park’s diverse ecosystems, ranging from montane grasslands to shola forests, offer visitors a chance to experience the ecological variety of the Western Ghats.
Wildlife of Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is home to a variety of animal species, both large and small, that thrive in its diverse ecosystems. The park’s most iconic and famous resident is the Nilgiri Tahr, an herbivorous animal that lives in the high-altitude grasslands of the park. The Nilgiri Tahr population has been a conservation success story in the park, thanks to protection efforts and monitoring of their numbers.
Some of the notable animals found in the park include:
- Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius): The Nilgiri Tahr is the most prominent animal in the park, and Eravikulam National Park is considered the stronghold for the species. These mountain goats are well adapted to the steep, rocky terrain of the Western Ghats. The park is one of the few places where you can spot them grazing on the high-altitude grasslands.
- Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus): Eravikulam is home to a small but significant population of Asian elephants, which can sometimes be spotted in the lower regions of the park, particularly during the early mornings and late evenings.
- Tigers and Leopards: Though elusive and rarely seen, tigers and leopards inhabit the dense forested areas of the park. These apex predators play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
- Sambar Deer: Sambar deer are commonly found in the park, especially in the forested areas. Their large size and distinctive calls make them easily recognizable.
- Lion-tailed Macaque: This endangered primate species, with its distinctive black mane around the face, is another highlight of Eravikulam National Park. They are primarily found in the forested regions of the park.
- Wild Boar and Barking Deer: These smaller mammals are also found within the park, often in the dense forests and grasslands.
- Birdlife: Eravikulam National Park is also home to a variety of bird species, including the Nilgiri Flycatcher, Kerala Laughingthrush, and Malabar Trogon. Bird watchers will find the park a paradise, with over 132 species of birds inhabiting the region.
Flora of Eravikulam National Park
The park is not only rich in wildlife but also boasts a wide range of plant species, many of which are endemic to the Western Ghats. The varied terrain of Eravikulam, with its high-altitude grasslands and dense forests, supports an incredible diversity of plant life.
- Shola Forests: These tropical montane forests are characterized by a rich diversity of species, including evergreen trees, shrubs, and ferns. These forests provide a habitat for several species of animals and play a crucial role in regulating the water supply in the region.
- Grasslands: The park’s grasslands are primarily composed of high-altitude species like the Bluegrass, which provides essential grazing grounds for the Nilgiri Tahr and other herbivores.
- Medicinal Plants: The park is also home to a variety of medicinal plants, some of which are used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. The biodiversity in this region makes it a valuable area for ecological studies and conservation research.
The Trekking Experience
One of the most popular activities in Eravikulam National Park is trekking. The park offers several trekking routes that allow visitors to explore its diverse landscapes while enjoying the fresh mountain air. The Rajamalai Trek is the most famous trek in the park, taking visitors to the Rajamalai hills, where they can spot the Nilgiri Tahr in their natural habitat. The trek offers breathtaking views of the surrounding valleys, tea plantations, and the distant peaks of the Western Ghats.
While trekking, visitors also have the opportunity to experience the region’s unique flora and fauna. The park’s peaceful and serene environment, combined with its stunning scenery, makes it an unforgettable trekking experience for nature lovers.
Visiting Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is easily accessible from Munnar, which is about 15 kilometers away. The park is open to visitors year-round, though it is advisable to visit during the dry months from September to April, as the monsoon season can make some areas difficult to access.
To ensure the safety of wildlife and preserve the park’s delicate ecosystem, the park management limits the number of visitors per day. It is essential to book tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons. The park also has well-maintained visitor facilities, including a well-designed park office, information center, and rest areas.
Photography Opportunities
Eravikulam National Park is a paradise for photographers. The park’s diverse landscapes, wildlife, and natural beauty provide countless opportunities for stunning photographs. Whether you’re capturing the graceful Nilgiri Tahr in its natural habitat, the vibrant birdlife, or the scenic vistas of the Western Ghats, the park is an excellent location for wildlife and landscape photography.
Conclusion
Eravikulam National Park is one of Kerala’s most cherished natural wonders, offering a unique opportunity to witness the beauty of the Western Ghats and its incredible biodiversity. Whether you’re an avid wildlife enthusiast, a photography lover, or simply someone looking to immerse yourself in nature, Eravikulam is a destination that should be on every traveler’s list. Its lush landscapes, rich wildlife, and serene environment make it a must-visit attraction in Munnar, Kerala, for those seeking an unforgettable experience in the lap of nature.